Most exported products and countries by Turkey is showed no significant difference for the past decade. Turkey is among the 30 largest exporter countries. While the firms continued to export, they also increase their sales and profits and have a share of the global market. With a solid export plan and strategy, the dependency on the domestic market can be decreased. Decreased dependence on the local market balances the market fluctuations. As Turkey’s trade continues to expand to foreign markets, the general and seasonal fluctuation pressure caused by the domestic market could be eliminated. The highest export from Turkey in 2019 was to Germany. The export trade with Germany was 1.4 billion 957 million 543 thousand dollars.
When the data for the most exported products and countries by Turkey is considered, this data showed no significant difference for the past decade. When the export numbers of Turkey is considered, Turkey is among the 30 largest exporter countries.
While the firms continued to export, they also increase their sales and profits and have a share of the global market. With a stable export plan and strategy, the dependency on the domestic market can be decreased. Decreased dependency on the domestic market balances the market fluctuations. As Turkey’s trade continues to expand to foreign markets, the general and seasonal fluctuation pressure caused by the domestic market could be eliminated.
Turkey’s Main Exports by Countries
2019 Export Data of Turkey
According to the data provided by the Turkish Statistic Institution (TUİK), Turkey’s export increased in 2018, which was 167 billion 920 million dollars to 171 billion 530 million dollars in 2019.
| Country / Year | 2018 | 2019 |
| Germany | $16.14B | $15.43B |
| United Kingdom | $11.11B | $10.87B |
| Italy | $9.57B | $9.30B |
| Iraq | $8.35B | $8.99B |
| United States | $8.31B | $8.05B |
| Spain | $7.71B | $7.66B |
| France | $7.30B | $7.64B |
| Netherlands | $4.78B | $5.44B |
| Belgium | $3.95B | $3.24B |
| Israel | $3.90B | $4.35B |
| Romania | $3.88B | $3.86B |
| Russia | $3.40B | $3.85B |
| Poland | $3.35B | $3.31B |
| United Arab Emirates | $3.14B | $3.31B |
| Egypt | $3.06B | $3.31B |
| China | $2.92B | $2.58B |
| Bulgaria | $2.67B | $2.54B |
| Saudi Arabia | $2.64B | $3.18B |
| Iran | $2.39B | $2.31B |
| Morocco | $1.99B | $2.30B |
| Greece | $2.09B | $2.11B |
The data in the table showed that 19 countries among the top 20 countries Turkey’s Export in 2018 managed to preserve their position in 2019. Morocco rose from being 21st to 19th country. Thus, Morocco replaced Greece as the 19th country. 2019 export numbers for Morocco was 2,239,255.5 dollars. It is predicted that Greece lost its position due to the reflection of the effects of the economic crisis in Europe to Greece, which already had financial problems.
The highest export from Turkey in 2019 was to Germany.
The highest export from Turkey in 2019 was to Germany. The export trade with Germany was 1.4 billion 957 million 543 thousand dollars. The reason for Germany to be the top export country for Turkey is the fact that Germany’s top imports from turkey are automotive and transportation sector products, and these products are the most exported product groups for Turkey.
The sales with the top 5 countries in the 2019 export of Turkey corresponded to 30.7% of the total export.
Turkey’s Export Data in 2020
The last 12-month export of Turkey has reached 181 billion 567 million dollar level. In terms of products, the highest export in January was motor land vehicles. The motor land vehicle export by Turkey in January was 2 billion 128 million dollars, with a 4.99% increase. The highest exported goods in January 2020 was “boiler machines” with 1 billion 401 million dollars and “iron and steel” with 791 million dollars.
The top three most exported countries in January 2020 were Germany, Italy, and England. While the export by Turkey to Italy increased by 9.6% compared to January 2019, the export with England decreased by 9.1% for the same period. While the export with the US, which is the most exported country for January 2020, increased by 10.6%, export with France increased by 14.0%.
According to the Generalised System of Preference (GSP), the top 3 exported countries by Turkey in January 2020 corresponded to 21.5% of the total export. The export with the European Union countries in January 2020 increased by 3.25% compared to January 2019 and reached 7 billion 384 million dollars. The export with these countries corresponded to 50% of the total export.
Main Exports of Turkey by Products
Automotive and Food Sectors Are Turkey’s Main Exports
When the last 5 years is considered, the most exported products of Turkey is the automotive sector. Turkey’s main export products are automobile, automobile accessories, automobile parts, piston engine parts, and public transportation vehicles.
In 2017, Turkey exported 28.5 million dollar goods in the automotive sector. Again total automotive export per piece was 17% for this year, and Automotive export increased by 20%. Other than the automotive, the most exported products by Turkey are food sector products.
While the agriculture export of Turkey was 14.9 billion dollars, food export in 2017 was 10 billion 679 million dollars. In 2017, Turkey exported frozen and fresh foods to more than 200 countries. Germany is the top country in food export by Turkey, and the total food export reached 1 billion dollars. In the same year, Holland, England, and Italy were among the top countries that import from Turkey and following Germany.
The food export of Turkey by Iraq passed 3 billion dollars with flour, legumes, cereals, dairy, and meat products.
While the dried and fresh food export with Russia reached 800 million dollars, 500 million dollar food product is exported to Saudi Arabia. The US has an important position with an 800 billion dollar volume in food export.
When the food export of Turkey is considered, export increase in dried fruit and products increased in 2019. In 2019, the dried fruit and products sector exported 1.4 billion dollars product to 155 countries. The highest export in this sector was to Germany with 191 million dollars.
20 Most Exported Products by Turkey
Turkey’s main export products are given below.
- Automobile
- Unprocessed gold
- Truck
- Jewelry
- Automobile parts and accessories
- Raw petroleum oil
- T-shirt, shirt (knitted or crochet)
- Iron and non-alloy steel rod
- Women’s clothing
- Isolated wire and cable
- Rugs and other textile floorings
- Fridge and deep freeze
- Pullover and uniforms (knitted or crochet)
- Piston engine parts
- Public transportation vehicles
- TV receivers / projectors / monitors
- Men’s suits and pants (except knitted or crochet)
- Hot milled iron or non-alloy steel
- Miscellaneous furniture
- Hazelnut and other dried nuts
5 Most Exported Products by Turkey
Export for Classification of BEC (Million Dollar) (GTS)
| Export for Classification of BEC (Million Dollar) | 2018 | 2019 | change(%) | Jan 2020 |
| Investment Goods | 20,963 | 21,577 | 2.83 | 1,572 |
| Raw Material (Intermediate Goods) | 83,987 | 85,314 | 1.58 | 7,071 |
| Consumer Goods | 71,044 | 72,723 | 2.36 | 5,998 |
| Others | 866 | 1,124 | 29.76 | 124 |
| Total | 176,861 | 180,718 | 2.18 | 14,765 |
When the export in Classification of Broad Economic Categories on January 2020 was considered, the highest export was in “Raw Material” (Intermediate Goods) group (7 billion 71 million dollars) and this group was followed by “Consumer Goods” (5 billion 998 million dollars) and “Investment (Capital) Goods” (1 billion 572 million dollars).
Import for Classification of BEC (Million Dollar) (GTS)
| Import for Classification of BEC (Million Dollar) | 2018 | 2019 | change(%) | Jan 2020 |
| Investment Goods | 30,154 | 15,926 | -14.02 | 2,300 |
| Raw Material (Intermediate Goods) | 174,821 | 162,585 | -7.00 | 15,015 |
| Consumer Goods | 25,421 | 21,198 | -16.61 | 1,804 |
| Others | 788,000 | 552,000 | -29.9 | 110,000 |
| Total | 231,184 | 210,261 | -9.05 | 19,229 |
When the import in Classification of Broad Economic Categories on January 2020 was considered, the highest import was in “Raw Material” (Intermediate Goods) group (15 billion 15 million dollars) and this group was followed by “Investment Goods” (2 billion 300 million dollars) and “Consumer Goods” (1 billion 804 million dollars).
Export Data for Section (Million Dollar) (GTS)
According to GTS, the most exported good was “Motor Land Vehicles” in 2020 as in 2019.
| Export Data for Section (Million Dollar) | 2018 | 2019 | Jan 2020 |
| Motor land vehicles, tractors, bicycles, other land vehicles | 27,525 | 26,885 | 2,128 |
| Machines, boilers, nuclear reactors, mechanical devices, mechanical tools | 17,047 | 17,798 | 1,401 |
| Iron-Steel | 11,521 | 10,041 | 791 |
| Knitted apparel and accessories | 9,166 | 9,209 | 762 |
| Electrical machines and devices | 9,727 | 9,729 | 737 |
| Others | 101,876 | 107,057 | 8,946 |
| Total | 176,861 | 180,718 | 14,765 |
The most export “motor land vehicles, tractors, bicycles, other land vehicles” (2 billion 128 million dollars) on January 2020 was followed by “machines, boilers, nuclear reactors, mechanical devices, mechanical tools” (1 billion 401 million dollars) and “Iron-Steel” (791 million dollars).
Latest Global Economy Summary and Its Effect on Export of Turkey
The 3 most effective locations in global trade can be listed as Europe, the US, and China.
In the 2019-2020 period, the unemployment rate in the US increased, and economic problems emerged.
Economic crises that have been in Europe for a while and Brexit by the United Kingdom can affect the other European countries over the long run.
The Chinese economy is impacted by the global economy and pandemic.
The most exported goods and products by Turkey are affected by the global economic, political, and cultural changes, and the annual rates fluctuate because of these changes.
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